Warp drive

Technical

Warp reactor (officially known as a "gravimetric field displacement manifold", occasionally known as "hyperdrive" as late as the mid-23rd century) generates high energy, exotic particles
Reactants and energy, often in the form of "warp plasma", are directed through devices known as warp coils, often mounted in nacelle structures mounted away from the ship
Warp coils function in specifically-aligned sequence to generate a subspace displacement field
- Subspace field distorts physical laws via manipulation of subspace causing resulting modification of associated space-time
Distorted space, also known as a "warp bubble", pushes against surrounding space to propel a ship, most commonly at faster-than-light velocities
Velocity vector can be modified through alteration of field alignment in coils, though this can cause nacelles to exert stress on spaceframe

Vulcan 22nd century coleopteric drive
- Massive rear-mounted ring structure holding warp coils; single structure means greater efficiency at higher speeds, but less ability to modify course
Romulan quantum singularity drive
- Uses strong gravitational fields around a small quantum singularity as a natural particle accelerator to generate the necessary warp plasma and exotic particles

Early warp drive designs generate theta radiation (VOY: "Night")
- Corrected in most Alpha and Beta Quadrant drive designs by transkinetic chamber to break down residual antimatter from M/AM interaction, radiometric converters to absorb theta radiation
Trilithium resin

First-generation drives short-ranged, tend to be powered via antimatter-spiked fusion reactors (ENT Novel: Patterns of Interference)
Second-generation drives use dilithium to mediate matter/antimatter reaction for greater efficiency (ENT Novel: Patterns of Interference, Reference: TNG Technical Manual)